Which type of abuse is characterized by causing physical harm to an individual?

The correct answer is characterized by causing physical harm to an individual, which is what defines physical abuse. This type of abuse involves intentional acts of violence or aggression against another person that result in bodily injury or the threat of harm. Physical abuse can manifest in various forms, including hitting, slapping, punching, or using an object to inflict injury. It is a broad category that encompasses any act where physical force is employed against an individual, leading to pain, injury, or trauma.

The other options represent different forms of abuse that do not primarily involve physical harm. Neglect refers to the failure to provide necessary care, food, or shelter, leading to harm or risk of harm from lack of essential needs. Emotional maltreatment involves behaviors that harm a person's emotional and psychological well-being, such as verbal abuse or constant criticism, which can affect mental health but does not directly cause physical injury. Sexual abuse involves any non-consensual sexual act, which can have severe physical and psychological consequences, but its defining characteristic is the violation of sexual boundaries rather than the infliction of physical harm per se.