When is a physical intrusion search considered valid?

A physical intrusion search is considered valid when physical trespass occurs with the intent to gather information because such searches typically meet the legal criteria established by the Fourth Amendment and subsequent judicial rulings regarding privacy and search standards. The idea of "physical trespass" relates to the historical context of search and seizure laws, where physical entry onto private property to collect evidence can be viewed as an infringement of a person's rights.

If the search is conducted with the intent to gather information, it indicates that law enforcement is actively seeking evidence related to a crime, which can sometimes justify the intrusion, particularly if it aligns with other legal justifications such as having a warrant.

The other options, while related to search validity, do not encompass the specific legal principle tied to physical intrusion. For instance, consent and probable cause are essential in other contexts but don't address the idea of intent in the context of physical trespass as it pertains to gathering evidence specifically. Additionally, the concept of no expectation of privacy is also a different threshold and usually pertains to situations where the intrusion does not have the same legal implications as a physical search designed explicitly for evidence collection.